![]() ![]() ![]() It is a violation of an approximate conservation law in plasma physics, and can concentrate mechanical or magnetic energy in both space and time." Sources The qualitative description of the reconnection process is such that magnetic field lines from different magnetic domains (defined by the field line connectivity) are spliced to one another, changing their patterns of connectivity with respect to the sources. Magnetic reconnection occurs on timescales intermediate between slow resistive diffusion of the magnetic field and fast Alfvénic timescales. " Magnetic reconnection is a physical process in highly conducting plasmas in which the magnetic topology is rearranged and magnetic energy is converted to kinetic energy, thermal energy, and particle acceleration. The current is produced by shear (stretching of material) between different parts of the Sun that rotate at different rates, and the fact that the Sun itself is a very good electrical conductor (and therefore governed by the laws of magnetohydrodynamics)." Magnetic reconnections ![]() The dipole field is produced by a circular electric current flowing deep within the star, following Ampère's law. The Sun is permeated by an overall dipole magnetic field, as are many other celestial bodies such as the Earth. "The solar dynamo is the physical process that generates the Sun's magnetic field. "A plasma with local magnetohydrodynamic instabilities creates mechanical turbulence, motion, or shear (a dynamo) which in turn generates or sustains the local magnetic field." "otions resulting from instability act as a dynamo to sustain the magnetic field." "Supersonic flows are initially generated by the Balbus-Hawley magnetic shear instability." "he natural medium emanating from the sun and other very hot sources (now recognised as electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 400-750 nm), within which vision is possible" is called light.ĭef. "ny small luminous dot appearing in the cloudless portion of the night sky, especially with a fixed location relative to other such dots" is called a star.ĭef. ![]() "Depending on context the sun may or may not be included." ĭef. " luminous celestial body, made up of plasma (particularly hydrogen and helium) and having a spherical shape" is called a star. "he star at the center of our solar system" is called the Sun.ĭef. X-rays in the 0.5 to 5 keV (80 to 800 aJ) range, where most celestial sources give off the bulk of their energy, can be stopped by a few sheets of paper ninety percent of the photons in a beam of 3 keV (480 aJ) X-rays are absorbed by traveling through just 10 cm of air." "Although the more energetic X-rays, photons with an energy greater than 30 keV (4,800 aJ) can penetrate the air at least for distances of a few meters (they would never have been detected and medical X-ray machines would not work if this was not the case) the Earth's atmosphere is thick enough that virtually none are able to penetrate from outer space all the way to the Earth's surface. From 10 to 0.1 nanometers (nm) (about 0.12 to 12 keV) they are classified as soft x-rays, and from 0.1 nm to 0.01 nm (about 12 to 120 keV) as hard X-rays." "X-rays span 3 decades in wavelength, frequency and energy. The coronal cloud is the actual source of the X-rays. The surface of the Sun, beneath the coronal cloud layer is dark. The image at right is the first X-ray light image of the Sun by the satellite GOES-15 Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) on June 2, 2010. the point of origin of a ray, beam, or stream of small cross section traveling in a line is called a radiation source. ![]()
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