![]() ![]() For IKEv1, the VPN gateways decide whether to use Main Mode or Aggressive Mode for Phase 1 negotiations.The VPN configuration on each device specifies the Phase 1 identifier of the local and the remote device. Both gateway endpoints must use the same credential method, and the credentials must match.Įach device provides a Phase 1 identifier, which can be an IP address, domain name, domain information, or an X500 name. The credentials can be a certificate or a pre-shared key. The IKE version for both devices must match. The devices agree on the IKE version to use (IKEv1 or IKEv2).Phase 1 negotiations include these steps: IKE authenticates IPSec peers and negotiates IKE SAs during this phase, setting up a secure communications channel for negotiating IPSec SAs in Phase 2. The Phase 1 negotiation process depends on which version of IKE the gateway endpoints use. If the two VPN gateways do not complete Phase 2 negotiations before the Phase 1 SA expires, then they must complete Phase 1 negotiations again. This SA is valid for a specified amount of time. When Phase 1 negotiations are completed, the two devices have a Phase 1 Security Association (SA). The devices identify each other and negotiate to find a common set of Phase 1 settings to use. In Phase 1 negotiations, the two VPN gateway devices exchange credentials. The Phase 1 and Phase 2 configurations must match for the devices on either end of the tunnel. This agreement is called a Security Association. The purpose of Phase 2 negotiations is for the two peers to agree on a set of parameters that define what traffic can go through the VPN, and how to encrypt and authenticate the traffic. If Phase 1 fails, the devices cannot begin Phase 2. ![]() When Phase 1 finishes successfully, the peers quickly move on to Phase 2 negotiations. The main purpose of Phase 1 is to set up a secure encrypted channel through which the two peers can negotiate Phase 2. VPN negotiations happen in two distinct phases: Phase 1 and Phase 2. One device in the negotiation sequence is the initiator and the other device is the responder. This process is known as VPN negotiations. To build the VPN tunnel, IPSec peers exchange a series of messages about encryption and authentication, and attempt to agree on many different parameters. The devices at either end of an IPSec VPN tunnel are IPSec peers. ![]()
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